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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Synthetic cells are crucial for understanding early life and developing therapeutics.
  • Existing vesicles often have limited membrane permeability or low enzyme encapsulation efficiency.
  • Polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) offer high permeability but struggle with small size and low enzyme loading.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for tuning the size of polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes).
  • To enhance the enzyme encapsulation efficiency within synthetic cells.
  • To explore the potential of engineered PICsomes for life-like technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized peripheral charge density of dendrimers and medium ionic strength for size control.
  • Employed a dendrimer-to-PIC hierarchical transfer for structural information.
  • Investigated enzyme encapsulation and activity within the PICsome membrane.

Main Results:

  • Achieved PICsomes beyond the micron range from a single dendrimer generation.
  • Demonstrated selective enzyme embedding in the PICsome membrane with up to 85% efficiency.
  • Confirmed high catalytic activity of membrane-embedded enzymes (85% relative activity) resistant to proteases.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral charge density and ionic strength are effective for tuning PICsome size.
  • Engineered PICsomes enable high-efficiency enzyme encapsulation and retention of catalytic activity.
  • These advancements pave the way for sophisticated synthetic cells for chemical communication and therapeutics.