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Advances in Pathogen Detection: From Traditional Methods to Nanotechnology, Biosensing and AI Integration.

Jing Xu1, Muhammad Akhtar2, Wei Meng1

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), National key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Formulations for Overcoming Delivery Barriers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Rapid detection of pathogenic microbes is crucial for infectious disease control. This review explores advanced technologies, including nanotechnology and AI, for precise pathogen identification and surveillance.

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biosensormolecular diagnosticsnanotechnologypathogen detection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Diagnostic Technologies

Background:

  • Accurate and rapid detection of pathogenic microbes is essential for diagnosing, managing, and containing infectious diseases.
  • Existing methods for pathogen identification vary in speed, sensitivity, and specificity, necessitating continuous technological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess the latest technological advancements in methodologies for identifying disease-causing microorganisms.
  • To provide a comparative analysis of different pathogen detection techniques, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of pathogen detection methods into six major approaches: traditional culture-based, immunological, molecular biological, metabolic profiling, spectroscopic, and nanotechnology-driven.
  • Comparative assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, and practical applications of each methodology.
  • Discussion on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for enhanced pathogen surveillance.

Main Results:

  • Identification of six key categories of pathogen detection technologies.
  • Evaluation of the performance and applicability of various diagnostic tools.
  • Highlighting the potential of emerging technologies like nanotechnology and AI in improving pathogen detection.

Conclusions:

  • Cutting-edge technological developments are enabling more efficient, precise, and accessible methods for identifying pathogenic microorganisms.
  • The integration of AI and nanotechnology promises to revolutionize pathogen surveillance and infectious disease management.
  • Continued innovation in biosensing and diagnostic tools is critical for global health security.