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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
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MetALD: Diagnosis and Prognosis With Non-Invasive Tests.

Nikolaj Torp1,2, Mads Israelsen1,2, Stine Johansen1,2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Liver Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive tests (NITs) are effective for diagnosing advanced fibrosis in metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD). Established cut-offs accurately predict clinical outcomes, supporting their use in MetALD patient management.

Keywords:
hepatic fibrosisliver disease managementprognostic biomarkersreferral pathwaysrisk stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Non-invasive diagnostics
  • Liver disease biomarkers

Background:

  • Non-invasive tests (NITs) are crucial for diagnosing and risk-stratifying steatotic liver disease (SLD).
  • The applicability of established NIT cut-offs for metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD) remains uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of five NITs in MetALD patients.
  • To assess if standard NIT cut-offs are suitable for MetALD.

Main Methods:

  • A single-centre study included 423 SLD patients (102 with MetALD).
  • Assessed FIB-4, LiverRisk, ELF, ADAPT, and transient elastography (TE) against histological fibrosis.
  • Evaluated prognostic performance for hepatic decompensation and mortality over 62 months.

Main Results:

  • ELF and ADAPT showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUROC 0.90) in MetALD.
  • FIB-4 had the largest indeterminate zone (34%).
  • A sequential FIB-4 → TE strategy stratified decompensation risk, reducing TE referrals by up to 45% when combined with ELF or ADAPT.

Conclusions:

  • Widely available NITs are applicable for diagnosing advanced fibrosis in MetALD.
  • Established NIT cut-offs can be reliably used for MetALD risk stratification and outcome prediction.
  • NITs offer a viable alternative to liver biopsy for MetALD assessment.