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Delineating impulsivity-based pathways to suicide deaths: A cluster analysis.

Sergio Sanz-Gomez1, Adrián Alacreu-Crespo2, Elia Gourgechon-Buot3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, https://ror.org/03yxnpp24Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suicide prevention needs tailored strategies. This study identified three distinct suicide profiles based on impulsivity and other factors, enabling targeted interventions for better outcomes.

Keywords:
aggressionimpulsivitypsychological autopsysuicidesuicide deaths

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide exhibits significant heterogeneity, making a universal prevention approach ineffective.
  • Identifying distinct subgroups is crucial for developing targeted suicide prevention strategies.
  • This study aimed to characterize suicide profiles using trait impulsivity and related factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct suicide profiles.
  • To characterize these profiles based on trait impulsivity, aggression, and other relevant factors.
  • To inform the development of targeted suicide prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the FRieNDS project, a psychological autopsy study of 408 suicide deaths.
  • Employed k-means cluster analysis on a lower-dimensional data representation (autoencoder) for 391 cases.
  • Clustering variables included demographics, impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11), aggression, intent, suicide history, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct suicide clusters: (1) Impulsive-aggressive (29.8%) with high Cluster B disorders and substance abuse, low lethal intent.
  • (2) Depressive prior attempters (24.5%), predominantly women, exhibiting behavioral changes.
  • (3) Non-impulsive/aggressive (45.7%) with less defined psychopathology, minimal healthcare contact, and low communicated intent.

Conclusions:

  • Three distinct suicide clusters with varying impulsivity levels were identified.
  • Findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.
  • Further community-level research is recommended to enhance suicide prevention strategies.