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The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
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Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

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Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

[Open abdomen as a method of source control in peritonitis: indications and risks].

Khirurgiia·2026
Same author

[Laparoscopic surgery for advanced peritonitis].

Khirurgiia·2024
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[Choice of surgical approach and option for completing laparotomy in widespread peritonitis].

Khirurgiia·2023
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[Surgical wound closure in advanced peritonitis].

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[Eritonitis outcome prediction].

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[Comparative assessment of prognostic systems for secondary peritonitis outcome].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Retroperitoneal Approach for Necrotizing Pancreatitis
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[The «open abdomen» technique for widespread peritonitis].

N V Lebedev1, A E Klimov1, K M Jaghnoun1

  • 1Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Khirurgiia
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Laparostomy, or the "open abdomen" technique, is used for severe peritonitis but lacks standardized methods. While offering benefits, it carries risks like fistulas and hernias, requiring further research for optimal use.

Keywords:
laparostomyopen Abdomen (OA)widespread peritonitis

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical treatment of peritonitis
  • Abdominal trauma and sepsis management

Background:

  • Widespread peritonitis treatment often involves laparostomy, also known as the "open abdomen" technique.
  • Current methods for laparostomy in peritonitis lack universal acceptance, complicating interpretation of systematic review results due to varied study designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze modern treatment methods for peritonitis using laparostomy.
  • To evaluate the prospects and challenges associated with the "open abdomen" approach.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies on laparostomy for peritonitis.
  • Analysis of data considering different methodologies and control group presence.

Main Results:

  • Laparostomy presents advantages but also significant risks, including intestinal fistulas, adhesions ("frozen abdomen"), abscesses, delayed wound closure, and ventral hernias.
  • The "open abdomen" method is indicated for severe abdominal sepsis, uncontrolled infection, damage control, large abdominal wall defects, significant intestinal paresis, or compartment syndrome.
  • The risk of complications like intestinal fistulas increases significantly between 7-12 days post-laparostomy, emphasizing the need for timely wound closure.

Conclusions:

  • There is insufficient evidence to definitively favor the "open abdomen" technique over primary closure with on-demand relaparotomy for secondary peritonitis.
  • Further research is crucial for developing effective and safe temporary abdominal closure devices and establishing clear indications for the "open abdomen" technique.