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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
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Bias01:22

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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Odds Ratio01:09

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The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
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Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests01:19

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A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n)  to the number of categories (k).
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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Don't Fall for the FOBT Fib-An Observational Study.

A Tanousian1, P Watanakunakorn1, N Obad1

  • 1Sierra View Medical Center-Internal Medicine Residency USA.

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|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) has limited value for diagnosing acute gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized patients. Positive FOBT results should not guide clinical decisions for inpatient GI bleeding evaluations.

Keywords:
FOBTGI Bleedendoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is frequently used in emergency settings for acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
  • However, FOBT is FDA-approved only for colorectal cancer screening in outpatients.
  • Its application in acute GI bleeding may lead to misinformed decisions and increased healthcare use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic utility of FOBT in patients admitted with suspected acute GI bleeding.
  • To evaluate if FOBT results influence clinical decision-making and healthcare utilization in this setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of patients admitted with suspected GI bleeding between 2022-2024.
  • Review of electronic medical records for patients with positive FOBT results.
  • Data collection included physical exam, hemoglobin, transfusion needs, and endoscopic findings.

Main Results:

  • 70 patients met inclusion criteria; only 11 (15.7%) required endoscopic intervention for acute bleeding.
  • Positive physical exam findings were slightly more common in patients needing endoscopy (approx. 10% difference).

Conclusions:

  • FOBT demonstrates limited diagnostic value for acute GI bleeding in hospitalized patients.
  • Current guidelines do not support using FOBT for this indication.
  • Positive FOBT results should not dictate inpatient admission or diagnostic strategies for suspected GI bleeding.