Ovarian Cystadenofibroma: An Overview

Background An uncommon benign ovarian tumour with both cystic and solid features has been noted with increasing frequency at our institution. Though often asymptomatic, it can occasionally present with abdominal symptoms or menstrual irregularities. This observation prompted an investigation into the clinical and epidemiological patterns of these cases. Methods This retrospective observational study included 96 cases of ovarian cystadenofibroma operated on between January 2023 and November 2023. Demographic data, clinical presentation, and radiological, intraoperative, and histopathological findings were assessed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Among 96 cases, serous (n = 42, 44%), mucinous (n = 36, 38%), and mixed (n = 18, 19%) subtypes were identified. Statistically significant associations were found between histological subtype and dyslipidaemia (P = 0.0003), heavy menstrual bleeding (P = 0.01), dysmenorrhea (P = 0.03), infertility (P = 0.001), tumour size (P = 0.0001), laterality (P = 0.0001), and torsion (P = 0.03). Mixed tumours in our cohort were larger and more prone to torsion, while serous tumours more frequently showed bilateral involvement. CA-125 levels and IOTA patterns did not show a significant correlation. Conclusion A higher-than-expected number of cystadenofibroma cases were observed in our institution. Although benign, these tumours can present with features that mimic malignancy, potentially leading to aggressive surgical management. Early identification through clinical and radiological correlation in our setting may help reduce overtreatment and guide appropriate surgical planning.