Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Paired with Total Vaporization Solid-Phase Microextraction as a Forensic Tool
Published on: May 25, 2021
Acute Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Intoxication Requiring Hemodialysis in Southern Brazil: A Case Report
Mateus Rodrigues Alessi1, Gabriel Felipe Contin de Oliveira1, Gabriella Shinmi2
1Department of Medicine, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, BRA.
None:
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant with psychoactive and anesthetic properties, increasingly implicated in recreational use and drug-facilitated crimes. Its effects are amplified when combined with alcohol, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in emergency settings due to its rapid metabolism and frequent co-ingestion with other substances. We describe two cases of severe GHB intoxication in adult male patients resulting in bradycardia, respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness requiring orotracheal intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) stabilization. Awareness of GHB's clinical profile is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. Given its association with drug-facilitated sexual assault and the potential for life-threatening outcomes, healthcare professionals must maintain a high index of suspicion and initiate appropriate supportive measures promptly.
Related Concept Videos
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...

