Intrathoracic Goiter Treated Through a Cervical Approach: A Case Report

Intrathoracic goiter (ITG), also referred to as retrosternal or mediastinal goiter, is an uncommon clinical entity characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue within the mediastinum, either as an extension of a cervical goiter or as primary ectopic tissue. Its diagnosis may be challenging due to its variable presentation and potential to mimic other thoracic pathologies. We present the case of a 41-year-old female with progressive dyspnea and an anterosuperior mediastinal mass initially suspected to be a thymoma. A percutaneous biopsy revealed thyroid tissue, and complete resection was achieved through a cervical approach. Histopathological examination confirmed a goiter with follicular hyperplasia and no evidence of malignancy. This case highlights the importance of including ITG in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses and supports the efficacy of the cervical approach as a safe surgical option in selected patients, avoiding more extensive thoracic procedures.