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Updated: Sep 11, 2025
Author Spotlight: Treating Frozen Shoulder with Small Needle Knife Therapy
Published on: November 17, 2023
A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing the Efficacy of Electrotherapy to Ultrasound - Guided Intra-Articular
Saravana Kumar1, Vejaya Kumar1, Srinivasan Balasubramanian1,2
1Department of Orthopaedics, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India.
Background:
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a disabling condition marked by pain and restricted range of motion (ROM). This study compares the effectiveness of electrotherapy (ET) and ultrasound-guided intra-articular steroid injections (UG-IASI), two common non-operative treatments.
Materials And Methods:
In this prospective, randomized trial, 60 patients with unilateral Frozen shoulder were assigned to either ET (n = 30) or UG-IASI (n = 30). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and ROM measurements. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects models and subgroup analysis for diabetes.
Results:
UG-IASI resulted in significantly greater SPADI and ROM improvements than ET at 1, 3, and 6 months (P < 0.05). By 1 year, the difference was no longer significant. UG-IASI showed notable gains in abduction and flexion. Diabetic patients experienced reduced improvements across both groups.
Conclusion:
UG-IASI provides superior early and mid-term outcomes in pain relief and shoulder function compared to ET. While long-term differences narrow, early intervention with UG-IASI supports faster recovery. A tailored approach, considering comorbidities and patient needs, is recommended for optimal care.
