Unusual presentation of placenta percreta with bladder involvement at 20 weeks: a case report

Placenta percreta is a rare and severe form of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), where the placenta invades beyond the myometrium, often involving adjacent structures such as the urinary bladder. The incidence of PAS is increasing, especially in countries with high cesarean section rates, and poses significant maternal risks, including life-threatening hemorrhage.

A 27-year-old gravida 6, para five patient at 20 weeks gestation presented with hematuria, oliguria, and overflow incontinence. Her medical history included three previous cesarean sections. Ultrasound and cystoscopy confirmed bladder invasion by the placenta, consistent with placenta percreta. A multidisciplinary team decided on a cesarean hysterectomy with partial cystectomy due to significant bleeding.

The management of placenta percreta with bladder involvement requires early diagnosis, careful planning, and timely intervention. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, with cesarean hysterectomy being the primary intervention. Preoperative strategies such as internal iliac artery occlusion can reduce blood loss and improve maternal outcomes. Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation was performed due to uncontrolled hemorrhage.

This case underscores the critical role of early detection and multidisciplinary management in optimizing outcomes for patients with placenta percreta, particularly those with bladder involvement. The increasing incidence of PAS necessitates awareness and preparedness to manage such high-risk pregnancies in clinical settings like Pakistan.