Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

8.9K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.9K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

6.2K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
6.2K
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

2.6K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.6K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.6K
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

2.5K
The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
2.5K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

45.9K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
45.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synchrotron-Based Deep Learning Network of the Inner Ear: Development and Expert Validation.

The Laryngoscope·2026
Same author

The cochlear morphometry compendium: High-resolution synchrotron measurements and normative reference values.

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

The tympanic covering layer contributes to basilar membrane elasticity potentially influencing human frequency resolution and speech perception.

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

Finite Element Modeling of Cochlear Mechanics: A Systematic Review.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2025
Same author

The Greenwood function shows close alignment with pitch perceived by cochlear implant patients with long, flexible electrode arrays and fine-structure stimulation.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration
12:21

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

Published on: November 26, 2015

17.6K

The Multifaceted Human Round Window Anatomical Aspects and Clinical Relevance.

Hao Li1, Karin Staxäng2, Sumit Agrawal

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human round window niche exhibits significant anatomical variability, often partially obstructed by pseudomembranes. Bone channels connect the spiral ganglion to the round window membrane, potentially aiding perilymph pressure regulation.

Keywords:
HumanPseudomembraneRound windowSynchrotron phase-contrast imaging

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research
05:14

Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research

Published on: February 23, 2024

766
Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
06:27

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

Published on: October 26, 2019

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration
12:21

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

Published on: November 26, 2015

17.6K
Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research
05:14

Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research

Published on: February 23, 2024

766
Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
06:27

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

Published on: October 26, 2019

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Increasing clinical interest in the human round window region for novel therapies like cochlear implantation.
  • Need for detailed anatomical understanding of the round window niche (RWN) and membrane (RWM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the anatomical variations of the human RWN and RWM.
  • To correlate imaging findings with microscopic investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron phase-contrast imaging (SR-PCI) and 3D reconstructions of 66 human cadaveric temporal bones.
  • Light (LM) and electron microscopy (TEM) of human cochleae.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in RWN size and shape observed.
  • Pseudomembranes present in 80% of specimens; 20% complete.
  • Bone channels connecting spiral ganglion and RWM found in all specimens.

Conclusions:

  • The human RWN is a variable corridor to the RWM, potentially obstructed by soft tissues.
  • Channels from the spiral ganglion to the RWM likely play a role in perilymph pressure regulation.