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Bacterial chemotaxis to indole is complex; while pure indole repels pathogens, fecal matter attracts them via the Tsr receptor, overriding repulsion and aiding pathogen survival in the gut.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Chemotaxis
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions

Background:

  • Enterobacteriaceae utilize chemotaxis and the Tsr chemoreceptor for nutrient sensing.
  • Indole, a gut microbiota product, is hypothesized to act as a chemorepellent, protecting the host from pathogens.
  • Fecal matter contains complex chemoattractant and chemorepellent signals, including indole.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Tsr chemoreceptor in mediating bacterial chemorepulsion by indole.
  • To determine if indole in its natural context (fecal matter) is sufficient for pathogen chemorepulsion and host protection.
  • To understand how competing chemoeffectors in fecal matter influence bacterial responses to indole.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an intestinal explant system to study bacterial chemotaxis.
  • Employed live imaging to observe bacterial behavior in response to pure indole and fecal matter.
  • Investigated conserved responses across various Enterobacteriaceae species harboring Tsr orthologues.

Main Results:

  • Pure indole suppressed the infection advantage of Salmonella Typhimurium via chemotaxis.
  • This indole-mediated suppression was abolished by other fecal chemoeffectors, like L-Serine (L-Ser), dependent on Tsr.
  • Salmonella Typhimurium was strongly attracted to human fecal matter, despite high indole content, mediated by Tsr sensing both indole and attractants.
  • Fecal attraction mediated by Tsr is conserved across diverse Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli.
  • Fecal chemoattractants like L-Ser override indole chemorepulsion, with indole levels modulating attraction magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Indole-induced chemorepulsion is not protective against enteric infection and may benefit pathogens by facilitating niche location.
  • Bacterial chemotaxis in natural environments is shaped by the integration of multiple, often opposing, chemical signals.
  • Single-effector studies may not accurately predict bacterial behavior in complex biological matrices like the gut.