Asthma Detection Research Based on Voice Signal Processing and Machine Learning

To analyze voice signals and identify asthma patients using voice signal analysis and machine learning techniques, we collected clear, low-noise fixed-pattern voice signals from 50 asthma patients and 50 healthy controls to build an analysis database. The research conducted multi-dimensional voice signal analysis based on MATLAB and selected voice feature indicators with significant differences between asthma patients and healthy controls. After dimensionality reduction analysis on differential phonetic features, the processed features were incorporated into subsequent SVM and RF modeling and classification research. The study established over 400 voice feature indicators related to diagnosis, of which 20 indicators showed significant differences between asthma patients and healthy controls (P < 0.01). In the classification study, both the SVM and RF models achieved identical accuracy rates of 87% on the test set, with AUC values of 0.95 for SVM and 0.93 for RF. This demonstrates their comparable performance in terms of overall classification accuracy, while the disparity in AUC values suggests that the SVM model may achieve a better trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. Thus, this paper not only provides a new method for non-invasive early detection of asthma but also lays the foundation for further application and optimization of this method in real-world settings.