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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Reward boosts cognitive control during working memory maintenance.

Béla Weiss1, Annamária Manga2, Ádám Nárai2

  • 1Brain Imaging Centre, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. weiss.bela@ttk.hu.

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|August 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motivational incentives improve working memory (WM) performance and cognitive control during maintenance. Pupillometry revealed increased pupillary dilation, suggesting reward enhances WM through top-down control.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlPupil dilationRewardWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for goal-directed behavior, limited by capacity and requiring cognitive control.
  • Pupillometry can measure cognitive effort and load during WM tasks.
  • The impact of motivational incentives on specific WM components is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether reward modulates cognitive control during WM maintenance.
  • To utilize pupillometry to assess the neural correlates of reward effects on WM.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a delayed-estimation orientation WM task.
  • Reward cues were presented to signal potential incentive levels.
  • Pupillometry recorded physiological responses during task performance.

Main Results:

  • Motivational incentives significantly enhanced WM performance.
  • Increased pupillary dilation was observed during the WM maintenance phase with incentives.
  • Reward positively influenced cognitive control during WM maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Motivational incentives modulate WM maintenance by enhancing top-down cognitive control.
  • Pupillometry serves as a valuable tool for studying reward effects on cognitive processes.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the interplay between motivation and cognitive control in WM.