FungAMR: a comprehensive database for investigating fungal mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, especially in fungal pathogens. To optimize the use of available antifungals, we need rapid detection and monitoring tools that rely on high-quality AMR mutation data. Here we present FungAMR, a resource based on manual curation of 501 published studies on AMR mutations in clinically and agriculturally relevant fungal pathogens resulting in 35,792 entries covering 208 drugs, 246 genes and 95 fungal species. Each entry includes gene, mutation site and drug susceptibility data, with confidence scores indicating the strength of the supporting evidence. Data analysis revealed convergent mechanisms of resistance, indicating some potentially universal resistance mutations and mutations that lead to cross-resistance within and across antifungal classes. We also developed a computational tool, ChroQueTas, that leverages FungAMR to screen fungal genomes for AMR mutations. FungAMR is available as a web-searchable interface within the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). These evolving resources promise to facilitate research on antifungal resistance.