Flow in choral singing: associations with perceived choral memory performance and well-being among older adults

Drawing on flow theory, this study examines relationships between choral environment, song style, and flow, proposing a choral experience model to investigate associations with perceived choral memory performance and well-being among older choir members. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze data from 412 older adult participants in amateur choral groups across China. Results reveal significant positive associations between five factors (skill-challenge balance, clear goals, immediate feedback, song style, and choral environment) and flow. Notably, the choral environment demonstrated the strongest association with flow. Furthermore, our analysis identified both direct relationships between flow and well-being, and an indirect relationship through perceived choral memory performance. The study also revealed gender differences, with females reporting higher well-being scores than males. By examining flow within the choral context of aging populations, this research extends theoretical understanding of how collective musical engagement relates to cognitive and emotional outcomes. These findings suggest valuable considerations for choir directors, health professionals, and policymakers interested in the potential benefits of supportive choral environments and participation for older adult well-being and perceived choral memory performance.