Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Overview of Synapses

Overview of Synapses

A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...

Neuronal Communication

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Propagation of Action Potentials

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Three distinct gamma oscillatory networks within cortical columns in macaque monkeys' area V1.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2024

Same author

Monitoring and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of laboratory rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Scientific reports·2023

Same author

Blood Analysis of Laboratory <i>Macaca mulatta</i> Used for Neuroscience Research: Investigation of Long-Term and Cumulative Effects of Implants, Fluid Control, and Laboratory Procedures.

eNeuro·2021

Same author

Visual Stimulus Content in V4 Is Conveyed by Gamma-Rhythmic Information Packages.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2020

Same author

A novel approach for removing micro-stimulation artifacts and reconstruction of broad-band neuronal signals.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2019

Same author

Visual epidural field potentials possess high functional specificity in single trials.

Journal of neurophysiology·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Gamma-band synchronization between neurons in the visual cortex is causal for effective information processing and

Eric Drebitz¹, Lukas-Paul Rausch², Andreas K Kreiter²

¹Cognitive Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. drebitz@brain.uni-bremen.de.

Nature Communications

|August 12, 2025

Summary

Brain processing relies on attention. Precise spike timing synchronization with gamma oscillations causally impacts cognitive processes, demonstrated by impaired monkey performance when V2 spikes arrived at specific V4 gamma phases.

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Inter-Brain Synchrony in Open-Ended Collaborative Learning: An fNIRS-Hyperscanning Study

Published on: July 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Systems Neuroscience

Background:

Successful behavior requires selective attention, processing relevant information while ignoring distractions.
Visual neurons exhibit flexibility, responding to attended objects and ignoring irrelevant ones.
Neuronal mechanisms for attention-dependent processing lack proven causal links.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal role of precise spike timing synchronization with gamma oscillations in attention-dependent neuronal processing.
To determine if phase-synchronized V2 input to V4 causally affects cognitive task performance.

Main Methods:

Electrically evoked single volleys of spikes in area V2 of macaque monkeys during a selective-attention task.
Recorded neuronal activity in downstream area V4.
Analyzed the impact of V2 spike arrival timing relative to V4 gamma oscillations on task performance and V4 spiking.

Main Results:

Evoked V2 spikes arriving at specific gamma-phases in V4 impaired monkey performance.
These phase-dependent V2 spikes also evoked a spiking response in V4 neurons.
The effect was strongly dependent on the gamma-phase of the V4 neurons.

Conclusions:

Establishes a causal link between precise spike timing, specifically gamma-phase synchronization, and cognitive processes.
Demonstrates that subtle changes in spike timing are crucial for neuronal mechanisms underlying selective attention.
Highlights the functional relevance of spike-phase synchronization for information processing in the visual cortex.