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Global, regional, and national burden of nonrheumatic calcific aortic valve disease based on GBD study 2021

Baiqiang Wang1,2, Zeyuan Mei1, Hong Yang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Scientific Reports
|August 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) cases are rising globally, with increasing prevalence and incidence but declining mortality rates. Targeted prevention strategies are crucial due to age, sex, and regional disparities in CAVD burden.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a leading nonrheumatic valvular heart condition.
  • It imposes a significant global health burden, necessitating an understanding of its trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze global CAVD trends from 1992 to 2021.
  • To provide insights for developing effective CAVD prevention strategies.
  • To project future CAVD trends through 2036.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data.
  • Analyzed age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs.
  • Examined age- and sex-specific patterns, contributing factors, and regional disparities.

Main Results:

  • Global CAVD cases increased from 4.97 to 13.32 million (1992-2021).
  • Age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates rose, while mortality and DALY rates declined.
  • CAVD burden increased with age, showed higher rates in males, but higher mortality in females over 85.
  • Burden correlated positively with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), with widening gaps between High and Low SDI regions.

Conclusions:

  • Population growth and aging are key drivers of increasing CAVD burden.
  • Epidemiological transitions reduced mortality/DALYs in High SDI regions.
  • Projections indicate declining rates in High/High-middle SDI regions by 2036, but rising prevalence/incidence elsewhere.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to address demographic and regional disparities in CAVD.

Keywords:
Calcific aortic valve diseaseDisability-adjusted life yearsGlobal burden of diseaseIncidenceMortalityPrevalence

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