Teaching Python with team-based learning: using cloud-based notebooks for interactive coding education

Computer programming and bioinformatics are increasingly essential topics in life sciences research, facilitating the analysis of large and complex 'omics' datasets. However, they remain challenging for students without a background in mathematics or computing. To address challenges in teaching programming within biomedical education, this study integrates team-based learning (TBL) with cloud-hosted interactive Python notebooks, targeting enhanced student engagement, understanding, and collaboration in bioinformatics in two Masters level classes with 28 biomedical students in total. Four interactive notebooks covering Python basics and practical bioinformatics applications-ranging from data manipulation to multi-omics analysis-were developed. Hosted on github and integrated with Google Colaboratory, these notebooks ensured equal access and eliminated technical barriers for students with varied computing setups. During the TBL session, students were highly engaged with the notebooks, which led to a greater interest in Python and increased confidence in using bioinformatics tools. Feedback highlighted the value of TBL and interactive notebooks in enriching the learning experience, while also identifying a need for further development in bioinformatics research skills. Although more validity evidence is needed in future studies, this blended, cloud-based TBL approach effectively made bioinformatics education more accessible and engaging, suggesting its potential for enhancing computational training across life sciences.