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Prosthetic Aortic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex: A Case Report

Khawar Tariq Mehmood1, Amina Shahid2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Aster Hospital, Branch of Aster DM Healthcare-A Free Zone Company (FZC), Dubai, ARE.

Cureus
|August 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare infection. This case highlights successful antibiotic treatment for early PVE caused by the difficult-to-treat bacterium Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC).

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is an infection of prosthetic or repaired heart valves, classified as early (<1 year) or late post-implantation.
  • Gram-positive cocci are the most common pathogens in early PVE.
  • Multidrug-resistant organisms present significant treatment challenges.

Observation:

  • A rare case of early prosthetic valve endocarditis was caused by the gram-negative Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC).
  • This organism is known for its inherent resistance to standard antibiotic therapies.
  • The patient had a prosthetic aortic valve.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrated that BCC is an exceedingly rare cause of PVE.
  • Despite the organism's resistance, combination antibiotic therapy was effective.
  • The patient showed an excellent response to the prescribed antibiotics.

Implications:

  • This case suggests that aggressive combination antibiotic therapy may be a viable alternative to surgery in select PVE cases caused by BCC.
  • Further research into optimal treatment strategies for BCC infections in prosthetic devices is warranted.
  • Highlights the importance of considering rare pathogens in prosthetic device infections.
Keywords:
burkholderia cepaciaendocarditisgram-negative endocarditismulti-drug resistanceprosthetic aortic valve

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