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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Altered striatal functional gradients in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Lachlan Webb1, Luke Hearne1, Ye E Tian2

  • 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to altered brain connectivity. Changes in striatal gradient topology correlate with symptom severity, suggesting a target for therapies.

Keywords:
compulsivityfMRIgradientslongitudinal changesobsessive-compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves functional changes in striatal brain connectivity.
  • Previous characterizations of these striatal alterations in OCD are incomplete.
  • Striatal gradients offer a novel method to map functional connectivity within the striatum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map functional striatal gradients in individuals with OCD and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between striatal gradient topology and OCD symptom severity over time.
  • To identify how striatal connectivity differs during rest and during a threat-safety reversal task.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial striatal gradients were computed from whole-brain activity in 52 individuals with OCD and 45 controls.
  • Gradients were analyzed both at rest and during a threat-safety reversal task.
  • A longitudinal dataset of 47 individuals with OCD was used to assess changes in gradient topology relative to symptom fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Significant group differences in resting-state striatal gradient topology were observed in the putamen and caudate regions.
  • Individuals with decreasing OCD symptoms showed a shift in gradient topology towards that of controls.
  • Differences in gradient topology related to safety-reversal (not threat-reversal) were found between groups in a region involving the nucleus accumbens and putamen.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct changes in striatal topology are integral to OCD symptom expression.
  • Findings highlight the role of striatal connectivity alterations in OCD.
  • Future research should explore neural mechanisms of striatal topology dynamics and therapeutic strategies targeting striato-cortical plasticity.