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  11. Artificial Intelligence-based Large Language Models Can Facilitate Patient Education

Artificial Intelligence-Based Large Language Models Can Facilitate Patient Education

Xochitl Bryson1, Marleni Albarran1, Nicole Pham1

  • 1Stanford School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
|August 12, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) provide accurate answers for pediatric scoliosis, matching professional society content. Both AI and expert-written responses showed similar agreement rates, highlighting AI’s potential in medical information dissemination.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Spine Surgery Research

Background:

  • Growing patient reliance on AI for medical information necessitates evaluating AI tools like large language models (LLMs).
  • Understanding the capabilities and limitations of LLMs in delivering accurate medical information is crucial for patient education.
  • This study addresses the need to compare AI-generated content with established medical resources for pediatric scoliosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and appropriateness of answers generated by large language models (LLMs) against those authored by professional societies for pediatric scoliosis FAQs.
  • To assess expert physician agreement and preference between AI-generated and human-authored medical information.

Main Methods:

  • Three LLMs generated responses to 15 pediatric scoliosis FAQs sourced from major orthopedic societies.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceEducationLarge language modelsOrthopaedics

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  • An expert panel of pediatric spine surgeons evaluated AI-generated and physician-authored answers for accuracy, appropriateness, and preference.
  • Readability was assessed using an open-source calculator, and responses were graded on a Likert scale.

    • Main Results:

    • Expert panel agreement was nearly equivalent between AI-generated and physician-generated answers.
    • The panel favored AI and professional society responses equally (40% each), with 13% ranked equally and 7% a tie.
    • Disagreement occurred with both AI and professional society answers, indicating areas of controversy for both sources.

    Conclusions:

    • AI-generated answers for pediatric scoliosis FAQs are as accurate and appropriate as those from professional society websites.
    • Both AI and professional society-generated content exhibited similar rates of expert panel disagreement.
    • While AI shows promise for medical information dissemination, further research is needed to refine its accuracy and address limitations.
    Scoliosis