Mpox in the Middle East and North Africa: Containment, Prevention, and Future Measures

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a global health concern requiring a coordinated international response.
• The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces unique challenges due to strained health systems and porous borders.
• Atypical clinical presentations of mpox are emerging, though painful oral lesions and rash remain key diagnostic indicators.

Discussion:

• The disproportionate impact of mpox on men, especially those with co-existing immunocompromising conditions, highlights significant behavioral and biological vulnerabilities.
• First-generation vaccinia vaccines provide temporary protection, while newer, third-generation non-replicating vaccines offer safer, more durable immunity for diverse populations.
• Effective mpox containment requires real-time prevention strategies, clear communication, regional antiviral agreements, and targeted vaccination of essential workers and high-risk individuals.

Key Insights:

• Painful oral lesions and rash are critical diagnostic markers for mpox, even with atypical presentations.
• Vulnerability to mpox is heightened in specific male populations with compromised immune systems.
• Third-generation vaccines represent a significant advancement for long-term, safe immunity in various communities.

Outlook:

• Policymakers must act preemptively, translating evidence-based measures into action to prevent a future mpox crisis.
• International collaboration and regional mutual-aid pacts are essential for managing mpox outbreaks.
• Proactive strategies, including targeted vaccination and robust communication, are vital for future pandemic preparedness.