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Abnormal spontaneous activity and rest-task shift in schizophrenia.

Ryo Mitoma1, Shunsuke Tamura1,2, Shogo Hirano1

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients exhibit altered neural oscillations. Gamma-band activity during auditory steady-state response (ASSR) effectively distinguishes patients, while reduced alpha-band rest-task shifts indicate significant brain dysfunction.

Keywords:
abnormal rest–task shiftalpha and gamma oscillationauditory steady‐state response (ASSR)schizophreniaspontaneous activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Oscillations

Background:

  • Schizophrenia (SZ) is linked to abnormal neural oscillations in spontaneous and task-evoked states.
  • Disturbances in shifting oscillatory activity between resting and task states are observed in SZ.
  • Previous studies have not simultaneously assessed frequency- and state-specific oscillatory deficits in SZ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differential sensitivity of oscillatory measures to SZ using an auditory steady-state response (ASSR) paradigm.
  • To assess rest-task shifts in neural activity across multiple frequency bands in SZ patients.
  • To identify specific oscillatory deficits associated with schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded resting-state and 40 Hz ASSR activity in 66 neurotypical controls (NC) and 68 SZ patients.
  • Measured evoked power, phase-locking factor (PLF), and phase-locking angle for 40 Hz stimulus-evoked activity.
  • Assessed multi-frequency (4-100 Hz) spontaneous activity (induced and resting power) and rest-task shifts.

Main Results:

  • Elevated low-frequency (4-10 Hz) induced and resting power observed in SZ patients.
  • Gamma-band (39-100 Hz) induced power showed high accuracy in discriminating SZ from NC.
  • SZ patients displayed a reduced rest-task shift in theta-beta band (5-23 Hz) spontaneous power, particularly in the alpha-band (8-13 Hz).

Conclusions:

  • Gamma-band induced power during ASSR is a valuable biomarker for differentiating SZ patients.
  • Reduced rest-task shifts in spontaneous activity, especially in the alpha-band, are pathologically significant in schizophrenia.
  • The study highlights the importance of examining both frequency-specific and state-dependent oscillatory changes in SZ.