Analysis and compensation of 3D reconstruction errors in LiDAR with a time-gated SPAD array camera

Area of Science:

• Optics and Photonics
• Computer Vision and Imaging
• Sensor Technology

Background:

• Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is crucial for active 3D imaging.
• Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) offer high sensitivity for LiDAR.
• Million-pixel time-gated SPAD arrays enable wide-field, fast 3D imaging in low light.

Purpose of the Study:

• Address 3D reconstruction accuracy challenges in time-gated SPAD array LiDAR.
• Improve reliability and precision for complex multi-pixel detection systems.
• Develop compensation methods for enhanced LiDAR performance.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical analysis of error sources in time-gated SPAD array LiDAR systems.
• Refinement of the existing 3D imaging model.
• Implementation of novel compensation techniques for detected errors.

Main Results:

• Error reduction exceeding 60% achieved after applying compensation methods.
• Depth resolution within 1 cm demonstrated.
• Validation of the theoretical model and calibration method's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• The proposed theoretical model and compensation methods significantly improve 3D reconstruction accuracy for time-gated SPAD array LiDAR.
• Achieved centimeter-level depth resolution validates the approach.
• Provides a valuable reference for future advancements in SPAD-based LiDAR systems.