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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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    Area of Science:

    • Remote Sensing
    • Image Analysis
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • The 2-D correlation coefficient calculation is a robust method for comparing data set similarity.
    • Infrared imaging captures spectral information crucial for environmental and urban monitoring.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify complementary information between different infrared spectral bands.
    • To assess image similarity across short-wave infrared (SWIR), extended SWIR (eSWIR), and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) bands.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed a 1-6 µm superband imaging system with specific filters for SWIR, eSWIR, and MWIR bands.
    • Calculated 2-D correlation coefficients between pairs of six different images (including fused bands) for multiple scenes.
    • Collected data across diverse rural and urban locations during day and nighttime.

    Main Results:

    • Determined average correlation coefficients for all spectral band pairs across 11 data sets.
    • Quantified the degree of shared information within specific infrared bands for various scenes.
    • Established a quantitative basis for understanding spectral band complementarity.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a quantitative analysis of information complementarity across different infrared spectral bands.
    • Findings support the selection of optimal spectral bands for specific remote sensing tasks.
    • Results aid in developing advanced fused imaging systems for comprehensive scene analysis.