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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Metrology
    • Instrumentation engineering

    Background:

    • Accurate time transfer and ranging are crucial for scientific applications.
    • Existing systems often lack compactness and portability.
    • Frequency comb technology offers unprecedented precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a compact frequency comb-based node for optical time transfer and ranging.
    • To assess the performance of this node in a real-world free-space testbed.
    • To demonstrate its potential for future high-precision measurement applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a 14L, 10kg, 46W node integrating a frequency comb.
    • Conducted ranging and time transfer experiments over a 4.4 km free-space link.
    • Measured residual noise and system performance at low received power levels (20 nW).

    Main Results:

    • Achieved sub-femtosecond clock comparison precision.
    • Demonstrated sub-micron range measurement accuracy.
    • Confirmed system viability at 1-second averaging intervals.

    Conclusions:

    • The compact node design is suitable for high-precision optical time transfer and ranging.
    • The system's performance supports future space-based distributed coherent sensing beyond 1 THz.
    • This technology advances capabilities for global navigation and fundamental science.