Low-power high-stability all-optical modulator based on PtSe₂ nanosheet integrated micro-nano fibers

All-optical modulators based on two-dimensional (2D) materials hold promising application as key components in the fields of all-optical signal processing and fiber optic communications. In this study, we present an all-optical modulator based on P t S e ₂ nanosheets integrated with micro-nano fibers (P t S e ₂-M F) with low power and high stability. P t S e ₂ nanosheets were deposited on the surface of micro-nano fibers with a diameter of approximately 6 µm using an optical deposition method. A tunable laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm was used as the signal light for modulation, and the 980 nm pump light was coupled with the 1550 nm signal light into the micro-nano fibers (MFs). And the all-optical intensity modulation effect at mW level power was achieved by varying the optical power of the pump light and taking advantage of the absorption of light by P t S e ₂, to produce light matter interaction. The modulation depth of P t S e ₂-M F for signal light was measured to be 11.8 dB, the modulation efficiency was 0.295 dB/mW, and the rise and fall response times of the modulation were 22.5 ms and 24.2 ms, respectively. The modulation efficiency of the device only changed by 4.4% after being exposed to the environment for three months, indicating that it still has long-term stability for more than three months. Research has shown that P t S e ₂-M F has advantages of low power, fast response, high modulation efficiency, and high stability. It has broad application prospects in the field of all-optical modulation.