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Chasing ghosts: characterization of artifact generation in coded aperture decoding due to experimental

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    Coded aperture imaging reconstructs sources by decoding detector signals. Rotational misalignment between the aperture and detector is highly sensitive, causing artifacts, especially with small detectors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Imaging
    • X-ray and Neutron Imaging
    • Image Reconstruction

    Background:

    • Coded aperture imaging is a lensless technique enhancing signal strength for low-flux or high-resolution imaging.
    • Reconstruction involves convolving detector data with the aperture pattern to obtain the point spread function (PSF).
    • A clean PSF ideally resembles a Dirac delta function, free from artifacts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the robustness of coded aperture decoding against experimental tolerances.
    • To analyze artifact growth in reconstructed PSFs due to variations like magnification, rotation, and detector size.
    • To compare theoretical predictions with experimental measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of artifact growth in reconstructed PSFs under varying experimental conditions.
    • Illustration of effects from incorrect magnification, rotation, and detector size.
    • Experimental PSF measurements using a coded aperture at a neutron imaging facility.

    Main Results:

    • Aperture-detector rotational misalignment is the most sensitive parameter, causing artifacts with sub-degree offsets.
    • Small detector sizes lead to uncompensatable artifact generation.
    • Experimental PSF measurements were conducted using a coded aperture with a neutron source.

    Conclusions:

    • Magnified coded apertures are recommended in the under-sampled regime for improved characterization of offsets.
    • Fiducial markers can help characterize aperture-detector rotational offsets.
    • Mechanical coupling can constrain rotational and magnification offsets to improve reconstruction fidelity.