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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers
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Thermally robust compact single Bragg grating silicon modulator for photonic computing.

Meng Zhang, Nicholas Gangi, Amir Begović

    Applied Optics
    |August 12, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers developed a novel compact optical modulator using a single Bragg-grating modulator (SBG-M). This device offers high resolution and low power consumption, outperforming existing optical modulator technologies.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Optical modulators are crucial components in optical communication and computing systems.
    • Existing modulators often face challenges with size, power consumption, and thermal stability.
    • Development of compact, efficient, and robust optical modulators is an ongoing research area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel compact, thermally operated optical modulator with 6-bit resolution.
    • To investigate the performance characteristics of the single Bragg-grating modulator (SBG-M).
    • To compare the SBG-M with existing optical modulator technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a compact photonic structure featuring a Bragg grating.
    • Utilizing a thermally induced band edge shift for modulation.

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  • Characterization of the device's performance, including NMSE, power consumption, and thermal stability.
  • Comparative analysis with micro-ring resonators and Mach-Zehnder modulators.

    • Main Results:

    • The single Bragg-grating modulator (SBG-M) achieved a 6-bit resolution.
    • Demonstrated a normalized mean square error (NMSE) lower than 0.001 across a temperature range of 20°C to 40°C.
    • Exhibited thermal robustness up to 65°C.
    • Achieved a lowest measured NMSE of 5.0×10⁻⁴ and average power consumption of 5.29 mW.

    Conclusions:

    • The SBG-M offers significant advantages in compactness, low power consumption, and thermal robustness compared to other optical modulators.
    • The device shows potential for advanced optical communication and computing applications.
    • Further studies on clock frequency, computing accuracy, and fabrication non-ideality confirmed its viability.