Photonic jet generated by a silicon nitride spherical particle with shaped beam illumination

Photonic jets (PJs) are generated by the interaction between beams and dielectric particles, resulting in narrow, high-intensity beams produced behind the medium. Silicon nitride exhibits excellent optical properties; we aim to explore the potential of silicon nitride in PJ applications. In this paper, the beam is expanded by spherical vector wave functions with the framework of the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT). Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the PJs generated by silicon nitride spherical particles illuminated by the plane wave, Gaussian beam, and zero-order Bessel beam under water; the effects of various parameters on the characteristics of PJs are further examined.