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Tripling Fluctuations and Peaked Sound Speed in Fermionic Matter.

Hiroyuki Tajima1,2,3, Kei Iida2,4,5, Toru Kojo6

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Researchers explored three-fermion clusters and their role in the hadron-quark crossover, potentially explaining neutron star dense-matter equations of state. This study reveals how cluster formation influences matter properties at extreme densities.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • The hadron-quark crossover is crucial for understanding dense matter in neutron stars.
  • Recent observations of neutron star masses and radii provide constraints on the dense-matter equation of state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of the hadron-quark crossover.
  • To understand the role of tripling fluctuations and three-fermion cluster formation in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Examining fluctuations induced by three-fermion cluster formation.
  • Utilizing a phase-shift representation of fluctuations.
  • Applying the approach to a one-dimensional three-color fermion system.

Main Results:

  • Fluctuations show an interplay between bound and scattering states.
  • Nonmonotonic momentum distributions of baryonlike clusters were observed.
  • A peaked sound speed at finite densities was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Three-fermion clusters and associated fluctuations are key to the hadron-quark crossover.
  • The model reproduces aspects of the dense-matter equation of state relevant to neutron stars.