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Quantum Mpemba Effect in Random Circuits.

Xhek Turkeshi¹, Pasquale Calabrese^2,3, Andrea De Luca⁴

¹Universität zu Köln, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|August 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The quantum Mpemba effect shows that some quantum systems relax faster when further from equilibrium. This study reveals asymmetry in initial states drives faster symmetry restoration in random circuits.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Statistical mechanics
Complex systems

Background:

The Mpemba effect describes how nonequilibrium systems can relax faster when initially further from equilibrium.
In quantum mechanics, this effect is observed in closed systems, relating to symmetry and entanglement dynamics.
Understanding quantum relaxation dynamics is crucial for developing quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the quantum Mpemba effect in charge-preserving random quantum circuits.
To identify the conditions and mechanisms governing faster relaxation in asymmetric quantum states.
To provide a general framework for understanding the Mpemba effect in chaotic quantum systems.

Main Methods:

Employed extensive numerical simulations of charge-preserving random circuits.
Utilized analytical arguments to understand the underlying physical mechanisms.
Studied the dynamics of symmetry restoration and approach to the grand-canonical ensemble for different initial states.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that more asymmetric initial states (tilted ferromagnets) relax faster, restoring symmetry more quickly.
Observed that certain other states (tilted antiferromagnets) do not exhibit the quantum Mpemba effect.
Identified a general mechanism based on the spreading of nonconserved operators relative to conserved densities.

Conclusions:

The quantum Mpemba effect is linked to the initial asymmetry of quantum states in random circuits.
The spreading of nonconserved operators provides a unifying explanation for the observed phenomenon.
This work clarifies the emergence of Mpemba physics in chaotic quantum systems, relying on fundamental principles like locality, unitarity, and symmetry.