Renal Denervation for Hypertension: Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives

This review summarizes current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, highlights persistent disparities in care, and critically evaluates recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of renal denervation (RDN) to clarify its emerging role in hypertension management.

Despite decades of therapeutic advances, progress in hypertension control has plateaued, with significant under-treatment contributing to ongoing cardiovascular disease, particularly among women and minority populations. Given the limitations of pharmacologic therapy alone, there is growing interest in alternative, procedure-based strategies. RDN, using both radiofrequency and ultrasound modalities, has shown promise in recent RCTs as an adjunctive treatment option. Hypertension remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with persistently poor control rates in high-risk groups despite available therapies. RDN has demonstrated efficacy in reducing blood pressure and is being integrated into clinical practice guidelines. However, its long-term impact, safety, and effectiveness in diverse and historically underrepresented populations require further study to ensure equitable implementation.