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The left pars triangularis lesions impair semantic interference resolution regardless of competitor modality.

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|August 12, 2025
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Summary

The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) causally resolves semantic interference (SI) during word selection. Damage to its pars triangularis specifically impairs this function, affecting both spoken and written word processing.

Keywords:
aphasialanguage productionlesion-symptom mappinglexical selectionsemantic interference

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Word selection involves inhibiting semantically related words, a process known as semantic interference (SI).
  • The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) is implicated in SI, but its causal role is debated due to conflicting evidence from lesion studies.
  • Previous research has not fully disentangled SI from spoken responses versus written distractors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of the LIFG in resolving semantic interference (SI).
  • To determine if the pars triangularis of the LIFG is critical for managing SI from both spoken and written stimuli.
  • To examine how interference from prior spoken responses affects SI from written distractors.

Main Methods:

  • A picture-word interference task was administered to 25 post-stroke individuals.
  • Semantic interference (SI) from written distractors and prior spoken responses was measured.
  • Lesion size and location within the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) were correlated with SI measures.

Main Results:

  • Larger lesions in the pars triangularis of the LIFG correlated with increased SI from semantically related previous spoken responses.
  • After accounting for spoken response interference, larger pars triangularis lesions also increased SI from semantically related written distractors.
  • Lesions in other brain regions did not consistently affect SI, and some even decreased it.

Conclusions:

  • The pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) plays a causal role in resolving semantic interference (SI).
  • This role is modality-independent, affecting interference from both spoken and written language.
  • The findings clarify the specific contribution of the LIFG to language production and interference resolution.