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Frameworks for process evaluations of diabetes self-management programs: a systematic review.

Chinelo Nsobundu1,2, Yeka W Nmadu3, Nikita Sandeep Wagle4

  • 1Center for Community Health & Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Lab Road, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Health Promotion International
|August 12, 2025
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Summary

This review found that while frameworks guide process evaluations for diabetes self-management programs, reporting quality varies. Standardized guidelines are needed for consistent framework use and better evidence transferability.

Keywords:
diabetes self-managementframeworksprocess evaluationsystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Program Evaluation
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Process evaluations (PE) are crucial for understanding the implementation of diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs).
  • Frameworks can guide the methodology and reporting of these evaluations.
  • Previous research highlighted the need for systematic reviews on framework utilization in DSMP evaluations.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted on a subset of articles from a larger review.
  • Seven studies, comprising nine articles, met the inclusion criteria for this analysis.
  • Included studies focused on process evaluations of various diabetes self-management interventions.

Key Points:

  • Frameworks were cited in all reviewed studies, but their consistent and thorough application varied significantly.
  • Reporting quality differed across studies, impacting the comparability and transferability of findings.
  • Inconsistent use of evaluation frameworks hinders the synthesis of evidence on DSMP effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for standardized guidelines to improve the quality of reporting and consistency in framework utilization for DSMP process evaluations.
  • Adopting checklists can enhance reporting quality and promote uniformity in evaluation methodologies.
  • Improved reporting will increase the reliability and applicability of findings from diabetes self-management program evaluations.