Self-reported cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARDs): a mixed...

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Neuroscience
• Psychology

Background:

• Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) can affect multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system.
• Cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory impairment, is a frequently reported but under-investigated symptom in SARDs.
• Understanding the prevalence and impact of cognitive issues is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate self-reported cognitive dysfunction, focusing on memory impairment, in patients with various SARDs.
• To examine the associations between cognitive dysfunction and demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors.
• To explore the impact of cognitive dysfunction on patients' daily lives and well-being.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (1,853 SARD patients, 463 controls) and qualitative in-depth interviews (67 patients).
• Validated instruments, including the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R), were used for quantitative assessment.
• Statistical analyses (Kruskall-Wallis, Spearman correlations) and thematic analysis of interview data were performed.

Main Results:

• Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD), and Sjögren's reported higher rates of memory impairment.
• Memory impairment showed positive associations with disease activity and other neuropsychiatric symptoms, and a negative correlation with well-being.
• Qualitative data revealed significant adverse impacts on daily functioning, social interaction, self-esteem, and mental health, with potential underreporting to clinicians.

Conclusions:

• Significant memory impairment is prevalent in specific SARDs (SLE, UCTD, Sjögren's), negatively affecting patients' quality of life.
• Cognitive dysfunction is linked to disease activity and psychological well-being, necessitating tailored interventions.
• Thorough patient assessment is vital, as cognitive issues may be underreported and more prevalent than clinically recognized.