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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

175
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
189

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Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure
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Electroencephalogram Changes After Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder.

Hyewon Park1, Heekyung Hwang2, Minjung Kim1

  • 1Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virtual reality-enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (VR-CBT) effectively reduced panic disorder symptoms and improved cognitive functions. Neurophysiological changes, including enhanced brain activity during working memory tasks, were observed post-treatment.

Keywords:
Cognitive Behavioral TherapyElectroencephalogramPanic DisorderVirtual Reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Virtual Reality Technology

Background:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a standard treatment for panic disorder.
  • Virtual reality (VR) integrated with CBT offers novel therapeutic scenarios for anxiety.
  • Investigating the neurophysiological effects of VR-enhanced CBT is crucial for understanding treatment mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurophysiological impacts of VR-enhanced CBT in panic disorder patients.
  • To assess changes in cognitive functions and brain activity following VR-based CBT.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen patients with panic disorder underwent four sessions of VR-based CBT.
  • The VR program incorporated relaxation techniques and exposure therapy.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) and psychometric assessments were conducted pre- and post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • VR-based CBT led to significant improvements in panic disorder severity.
  • Cognitive performance showed enhanced reaction times in the Stroop test.
  • EEG analysis revealed increased left frontal beta and parietal theta power during a visual working memory task.

Conclusions:

  • VR-enhanced CBT demonstrates potential in alleviating panic symptoms.
  • The therapy may improve executive functions and cognitive control.
  • Neurophysiological evidence suggests strengthened brain activity related to working memory post-VR-CBT.