Macrophage polarization and allergic rhinitis: A review

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Allergy Research
• Innate Immunity

Background:

• Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a growing global health concern characterized by nasal inflammation.
• Macrophages (Mϕ) play a crucial role in AR pathogenesis via phenotypic polarization.
• Existing research often overlooks the complex, multifaceted roles of macrophages in AR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review M1/M2 macrophage polarization mechanisms in AR.
• To examine current strategies for regulating macrophage polarization in AR.
• To provide a foundation for novel AR diagnosis, treatment, and research.

Main Methods:

• Systematic integration of existing literature on macrophage polarization in AR.
• Analysis of studies focusing on targeted regulation of M1/M2 macrophages.
• Review of immunomodulatory pathways and cytokine involvement.

Main Results:

• Macrophages exhibit distinct M1 and M2 phenotypes that significantly impact AR.
• Targeting macrophage polarization offers potential therapeutic avenues for AR.
• Understanding macrophage dynamics is key to managing AR pathology.

Conclusions:

• Macrophage polarization is a central mechanism in allergic rhinitis.
• Targeting macrophage polarization presents promising strategies for AR intervention.
• Further research into macrophage-centric therapies can advance AR clinical management.