Breed-specific humoral immune responses to lumpy skin disease vaccination and its associated factors in cattle

To evaluate the humoral immune response to the initial Lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination in three cattle breeds, namely Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), Holstein, and Jersey, up to 18 weeks post-vaccination.

Overall, 65 cattle were vaccinated with the live attenuated Neethling strain of the LSD vaccine (Lumpyvax®, MSD Animal Health). Antibody titers were measured using ELISA from blood samples collected before and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks post-vaccination. Pre-vaccination complete blood count parameters were analyzed to determine their correlation with antibody responses.

Significant breed-specific differences were observed in antibody titers and seropositivity rates. Eighteen weeks post-vaccination, Holstein cattle exhibited the most significant increase in LSD antibody concentrations, followed by Hanwoo and Jersey cattle (p < 0.05). Additionally, Holstein cattle achieved the highest seroconversion rates (73.3 %), whereas Hanwoo cattle showed the lowest seropositivity (33.3 %) during the same period. Additionally, pre-vaccination immune cell profiles, particularly lymphocyte and basophil levels, were correlated with antibody responses, emphasizing the role of innate immunity in vaccine efficacy.

We should consider breed-specific immune responses and pre-vaccination immune cell profiles when developing vaccination strategies. Tailored approaches may enhance vaccine efficacy and improve disease control across different cattle breeds.

We evaluated the antibody titers across different cattle breeds following LSD vaccination, providing critical insights into breed-specific vaccine efficacy. These findings support the development of tailored vaccination strategies, contributing to improved disease prevention, control measures, and overall livestock productivity.