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Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Genetic Drift03:33

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive
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Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive

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Is Gene Drive Research Losing Traction?

Gregory C Lanzaro1, Ana M Kormos1

  • 1University of California Malaria Initiative, University of California Davis, Davis, California.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gene drives show promise for controlling malaria mosquitoes, but small-scale field trials are stalled. Developers argue that conflating trials with large-scale deployment hinders progress, urging localized regulation for essential risk assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Vector Control
  • Malaria Eradication

Background:

  • Gene drive technology has advanced significantly, particularly for targeting malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
  • Small-scale field trials are considered the crucial next step for evaluating gene drive efficacy and safety.
  • Progress in gene drive research is currently impeded by delays in obtaining permissions for field trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify roadblocks hindering the progression of gene drive technology to field trials.
  • To differentiate the risk assessments required for small-scale trials versus large-scale deployment.
  • To advocate for the timely initiation of confined field trials under national regulatory oversight.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of regulatory and ethical discussions surrounding gene drive technology.

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  • Perspective from a developer group involved in translating gene drive research to practical applications.
  • Distinguishing the risk profiles of small-scale confined trials and large-scale deployment.

    • Main Results:

    • Discussions on global regulatory frameworks and risk assessment have inadvertently conflated small-scale trials with large-scale deployment.
    • This conflation has created significant roadblocks, delaying essential field evaluations.
    • The current approach threatens the advancement of potentially transformative gene drive technologies.

    Conclusions:

    • Confined field trials are essential for accurately assessing the risks associated with gene drive systems.
    • These trials should be conducted promptly to gather critical data.
    • Regulation should be managed by the national authorities in the country where trials are performed.