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Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

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Model Comparison for Defining the Trunk for Dynamic Testing in a Motion Capture Lab.

Sophia Ulman¹, Alex M Loewen¹, Ashley L Erdman¹

¹Movement Science Lab, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, TX, USA.

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

|August 12, 2025

Summary

Accurate trunk modeling is vital for return-to-activity assessments. This study found that specific marker placements, particularly at the sternum, significantly impact trunk kinematics during movement analysis.

Keywords:

knee motion analysis return-to-activity

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Movement Science
Sports Medicine

Background:

Trunk stability evaluation is crucial for return-to-activity protocols.
Motion capture is increasingly used for movement quality assessment.
Consistent trunk modeling across participants is essential for reliable data.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of marker placement variations on trunk kinematics.
To compare trunk motion analysis using different marker sets.
To identify optimal marker placement for accurate trunk segment definition.

Main Methods:

Eighteen participants performed standing, gait, and drop vertical jump tasks.
Sagittal plane trunk angles were computed using various marker set configurations.
Intraclass correlation coefficients assessed agreement between marker sets and a recommended model.

Main Results:

Trunk kinematics varied significantly based on marker placement, especially sternum variations.
Gait analysis showed the poorest agreement with marker set alterations.
Drop vertical jump and cervical marker variations yielded fewer discrepancies.

Conclusions:

Consistent and reliable trunk modeling is critical for return-to-activity evaluations.
The recommended trunk model involves specific sternal, cervical, and thoracic landmarks.
Precise marker placement ensures accurate kinematic data for clinical and research applications.