Research Trends in Immunomodulatory Therapy for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric Analysis

This bibliometric analysis investigates the research trends in immunomodulatory therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis from 2000 to 2024. Utilizing 950 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, we employed CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-based Bibliometrix to analyze publication dynamics, collaborative networks, and thematic evolution. Key findings include: (1) a steady rise in annual publications, peaking at 82 articles in 2024, with China (265 articles) and the United States (173 articles) as leading contributors. (2) Research hotspots centered on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, T-cell-mediated inflammation (e.g., Th17/IL-17 axis), and emerging topics such as gut microbiota-bone axis and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. (3) Clinical strategies prioritized denosumab (anti-RANKL) and IL-17 inhibitors, though long-term safety requires validation. (4) Institutional collaboration spanned continents, with Emory University, Harvard University, and Sichuan University as pivotal hubs. Keyword bursts revealed a shift from foundational mechanisms (e.g., TNF-α/IL-6 signaling) to translational topics like gene editing and precision medicine. Limitations include database bias (exclusive reliance on Web of Science) and undifferentiated clinical versus preclinical studies analysis. This study underscores the transformative potential of immunotherapies in osteoporosis management while advocating for multidisciplinary integration, expanded data sources, and rigorous clinical validation to address existing gaps.