Type 2 diabetes in South Asians.
Anoop Misra1,2,3, Naveed Sattar4, Amerta Ghosh5
1Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India anoopmisra@gmail.com.
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|August 12, 2025
Summary
Type 2 diabetes affects South Asians earlier and more severely due to unique metabolic factors. Addressing healthcare access and cost barriers is crucial for effective management and prevention of this growing public health issue.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes is a significant health concern in South Asia.
- South Asians develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age and lower BMI compared to white populations.
- Distinctive pathogenesis, phenotype, and management challenges exist in this demographic.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the unique characteristics of type 2 diabetes in South Asians.
- To explore contributing factors like environmental influences and dietary shifts.
- To identify barriers and potential solutions for management and prevention.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of type 2 diabetes in South Asians.
- Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical characteristics.
- Examination of management strategies and treatment accessibility.
Main Results:
- South Asians exhibit greater abdominal obesity, hepatic fat, and lower muscle mass.
- Accelerated hyperglycemia and increased risk of complications (retinopathy, CVD, CKD) are observed.
- Delayed diagnosis, healthcare access, and cost hinder effective management.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle interventions show promise for prevention and remission.
- Newer medications offer benefits but face accessibility issues.
- Affordable solutions, strengthened healthcare, and population-wide prevention are essential.
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