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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Exercise Duration Modulates Cortisol Release and Chronic Cortisol Exposure Jeopardises T Cell Effector Functions.

Thy Viet Luu1, Line Fleischer Hach1, Tina Seremet1

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Acute exercise-induced cortisol boosts T cell function, unlike chronic stress cortisol which harms it. This finding offers new avenues for cancer immunotherapy by targeting cortisol signaling.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Psychological stress and elevated cortisol are linked to increased cancer incidence and mortality.
  • Cortisol, released during stress, regulates immune activity via glucocorticoid receptors (GCRs).
  • Chronic stress-induced cortisol may promote tumor progression and reduce cancer treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortisol secretion dynamics following exercise.
  • To determine the effects of exercise-induced cortisol on T cell effector functions.
  • To compare acute versus chronic stress effects on T cells and cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Measured circulating cortisol levels after 40-min high-intensity exercise versus a 5-min sprint.
  • Assessed human CD3+ T cell proliferation, cytokine release, and killing activity after acute (4h) cortisol exposure.
  • Evaluated T cell functions and cancer cell proliferation under chronic cortisol exposure.

Main Results:

  • 40-min high-intensity exercise significantly increased cortisol; a 5-min sprint did not.
  • Acute cortisol exposure did not impair T cell effector functions.
  • Chronic cortisol exposure dampened T cell functions and induced cancer cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Acute exercise-associated cortisol has different effects than chronic stress cortisol on immune and cancer cells.
  • Cortisol signaling modulation may enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Exercise-induced cortisol may have beneficial roles in cancer management.