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Global environmental change impacts biodiversity. This study shows nitrogen addition and enriched CO2 affect ecosystem functioning and stability, but biodiversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Global Change Biology

Background:

  • Global environmental change, including nitrogen (N) addition and enriched CO2 (eCO2), is driving biodiversity loss.
  • The interactive effects of global change factors on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning and stability relationships are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how N addition, eCO2, and their interaction influence the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (complementarity and selection effects).
  • To examine the impact of N addition and eCO2 on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability (species asynchrony and species stability).
  • To explore the connections between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and stability under global change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a 24-year experimental study.
  • Assessed the effects of nitrogen addition and enriched CO2, both individually and in combination.
  • Analyzed biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (complementarity and selection effects) and biodiversity-ecosystem stability (species asynchrony and species stability) relationships.

Main Results:

  • Biodiversity positively relates to ecosystem productivity and stability under N addition and eCO2.
  • Combined N addition and eCO2 reduce the influence of biodiversity on complementarity and selection effects.
  • N addition and eCO2 do not alter the relationships between biodiversity and species asynchrony or species stability.
  • Complementarity and selection effects are negatively related to species asynchrony under ambient and global change conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Biodiversity sustains ecosystem functioning and stability despite global environmental change.
  • The interactive effects of nitrogen addition and enriched CO2 can modify how biodiversity influences ecosystem processes.
  • The links between biodiversity, complementarity, selection effects, and species asynchrony persist under global change.