Evaluating the DMFT and dmft indices in people with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which can significantly affect various aspects of health, including oral health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the oral health status of individuals with epilepsy by analyzing the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and dmft indices across multiple studies.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest, resulting in the inclusion of 7 studies that met predefined criteria. The studies included case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs published until October 30, 2024. Data extraction focused on DMFT and dmft scores among participants with epilepsy compared to control groups. The analysis employed standardized mean differences to assess the impact of epilepsy on dental health.

The analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the DMFT index for permanent teeth among epileptic patients compared to controls (SMD = 0.403; 95% CI: 0.057 to 0.749; P = .022), indicating a higher prevalence of dental caries in this population. Conversely, the dmft index for primary teeth did not show a statistically significant difference (SMD = 0.132; 95% CI: -0.22 to 0.484; P = .463). Factors contributing to these findings include the effects of antiepileptic medications, seizure frequency, and challenges in maintaining oral hygiene.

This study highlights the concerning disparity in oral health among individuals with epilepsy, particularly regarding permanent teeth. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted dental care interventions and preventive strategies tailored to meet the unique needs of this population. By improving awareness and access to dental care, healthcare providers can enhance the overall quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy. Further research is warranted to explore effective interventions that can mitigate dental health risks in this vulnerable group.