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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.5K
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

1.1K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

1.7K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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Linear optical feedback stabilized cavity ring down spectroscopy in the mid infrared range.

Quentin Fournier, Samir Kassi

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    This study presents a new method for stabilizing quantum cascade laser (QCL) frequency and performing cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The technique achieves high-resolution spectra for water isotopologues, demonstrating its broad applicability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Laser Physics
    • Cavity Enhanced Techniques

    Background:

    • Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are crucial for mid-infrared spectroscopy.
    • Precise frequency stabilization and high-resolution measurements are essential for detailed molecular analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a technique for frequency stabilization of an 8.5 µm QCL using optical feedback.
    • To simultaneously perform cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) with high spectral resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a linear optical cavity for frequency stabilization and CRDS.
    • Employing active cavity length control with a tunable 1.6 µm pilot laser for arbitrary frequency step resolution.
    • Achieving a cavity finesse of 18800.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a detectivity of 4 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm⁻¹ and a frequency resolution of 20 kHz.
    • Recorded broadband (3 GHz) and high-resolution (4 MHz) spectra of water isotopologues (H₂¹⁶O and H₂¹⁸O).
    • Observed a sharp Lamb dip structure on an H₂¹⁶O line, showcasing the system's precision.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique enables precise frequency stabilization and high-resolution CRDS of QCLs.
    • The system offers versatile applications in high-resolution molecular spectroscopy.
    • The demonstrated performance highlights the potential for advanced spectroscopic investigations.