Polarization-controlled structured illumination for high-resolution imaging

Structured illumination microscopy is a powerful technique that has significantly advanced biological imaging by doubling the resolution compared to conventional methods. However, further resolution enhancement in SIM typically requires complex optical configurations that demand precise control of the incident light's polar and azimuthal angles. To address this challenge, we designed polarization-controlled structured illumination that leverages a dipole resonance all-dielectric super-lattice metasurface (ADSLM). This approach, as demonstrated through simulation, enables high-contrast, high-fidelity object reconstruction with over a 4-fold resolution enhancement. Furthermore, the polarization-controlled ADSLM eliminates the need for complex optical alignments and mechanical adjustments, offering significant potential for integrated high-performance applications in biological imaging.